What is Type 5 Diabetes?... Most Common in Youth!
As diabetes continues to spread alarmingly across the globe, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has officially recognized a new form of the disease, now classified as Type 5 Diabetes. Medical experts report that this form of diabetes primarily affects undernourished, lean young individuals. After decades of being neglected in research and frequently misdiagnosed, the condition has finally received formal recognition.
Also known as Malnutrition-Related Diabetes Mellitus (MRDM) or Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY), Type 5 Diabetes is predominantly found among adolescents and young adults in low- and middle-income countries. According to the IDF, the main cause of this condition is a severe deficiency in nutrition, leading to significantly reduced insulin production in the body. Unlike Type 2 Diabetes, which is marked by insulin resistance, Type 5 is characterized by insufficient insulin secretion.
The IDF estimates that 20 to 25 million people worldwide are affected by this form of diabetes, with the majority residing in Asian and African countries.
Patients with Type 5 Diabetes typically have a very low Body Mass Index (BMI <18.5 kg/m²). Their insulin levels are extremely low—lower than those with Type 2 Diabetes but slightly higher than those with Type 1 Diabetes. These individuals suffer from pronounced malnutrition, including deficiencies in proteins, dietary fiber, and essential micronutrients. Furthermore, certain genetic mutations affecting insulin secretion and function have also been identified as contributing factors.
The official recognition of Type 5 Diabetes by the IDF marks a significant development in global healthcare, as it paves the way for broader awareness of this serious health issue affecting millions. This recognition is expected to facilitate improved diagnostic methods and more effective treatment protocols. IDF representatives stated that a specially formed task force will work on developing diagnostic criteria and conducting in-depth scientific studies related to this condition.
In comparison with other types of diabetes:
Type 1 Diabetes results from an autoimmune attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.
Type 2 Diabetes arises from insulin resistance and reduced insulin secretion, often linked to obesity.
Type 3 Diabetes can occur due to hormonal imbalances, steroid use, or disorders of the pituitary gland.
Type 4 Diabetes refers to gestational diabetes that appears during pregnancy.
Type 5 Diabetes stands apart from all of these, being primarily associated with nutritional deficiency, a distinction that underscores the need for tailored approaches in its management and prevention.